A cancer nurse is a particular attendant who really focuses on malignant growth patients. These attendants require progressed accreditations and clinical encounters in oncology further than the common baccalaureate nursing program gives, Cancer Nursing care can be characterized as meeting the different requirements of oncology patients during the hour of their infection including proper screenings and other preventive practices, a side effect of the executives, care to hold however much typical working as could be expected, and a strong endless supply of life.

Cancer therapy focuses on malignant growth cells with the utilization of medical procedures, radiation, chemotherapy, and different treatments to contract or to stop the movement of disease.

• Medical procedure
• Radiation Treatment
• Chemotherapy
• Immunotherapy to Treat Malignant growth

The responsibilities of a hematology nurse are very similar to that of an oncology nurse. Hematology nurses care for patients who have various types of blood-related cancers/disorders such as leukaemia, lymphoma, sick-cell anaemia, Hodgkin’s disease and hemophiliac. They often work in special nursing units or they are employed in private organizations or by doctors who deal majorly with blood-related disorders. Hospitals, blood clinics and cancer wards also employ these specialist nurses.

A hematology nurse specializes in treating patients who suffer from any type of blood-related disease. These nurses are responsible for direct as well as indirect patient care. Direct care involves administering injections, collecting blood samples, ordering tests and operating specialist machinery. Indirect care involves participation in administration work such as record keeping and collecting information.

Most individuals with malignant growth will encounter torment at some other time in their life. The aggravation might be an outcome of the actual disease, or at times even from the malignant growth's treatment. Furthermore, certain individuals who have been relieved of their disease can keep on experiencing torment. Malignant growth torment or uneasiness originates from disease and its treatment can be controlled more often than not. There is a wide range of prescriptions and procedures accessible to control disease torment. Individuals who have a disease and are feeling tormented need to look for discussion from their PCP.

Reasons for Malignant growth Torment:

There are various reasons for malignant growth torment, however frequently disease torment happens when cancer proceeds nerves or body organs or when malignant growth cells attack bones or body organs. Malignant growth therapies like chemotherapy, radiation, or medical procedure likewise may cause torment.

Manifestations of Malignant growth Agony:

The indications of disease torment differ from one individual to another. How much agony might rely upon the kind of malignant growth, the stage or degree of the sickness, and the individual's aggravation edge (capacity to bear torment). Torment can go from gentle to serious and consistent... Related Associations: James Cancer Hospital & Solove Research Institute, Peter McCollum Health Centre, University of Washington Medical Centre/Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Epworth Radiation Oncology, Hong Kong Adventist Hospital, Townsville Cancer Centre, Tata Memorial Centre, American Oncology Institute, Mahatma Gandhi Cancer Hospital & Research Institute, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Centre, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Centre.

Paediatric oncology nurtures an exceptionally specific and delicate job that conveys care to those paediatric patients who are getting disease treatment. Explicit obligations incorporate getting ready patients for chemotherapy, managing palliative treatment, and working together with different individuals from the medical services group. It's exceptionally agonizing to hear when we realize that the malignant growth assaulted kids.

Paediatric chemotherapy is the utilization of chemotherapy drugs managed before a booked medical procedure to decrease the size of growth and increment the opportunity of an effective medical procedure. Adjuvant chemotherapy is utilized on patients who have no proof of infection post a medical procedure or radiation but are believed to be in high danger of backslide

Cancer is becoming a major cause of death worldwide. With the increase in life expectancy, the number of cancer cases has reached peak levels. In this scenario, the pharmaceutical industry has made significant investments in this therapeutic area. Despite these efforts, cancer drug research remains a remarkably challenging field, and therapeutic innovations have not yet achieved anticipated clinical results. However, the pathophysiology of the disease is now better understood, and the discovery of novel molecular targets has raised the expectations of developing improved treatments. Several noteworthy advances have been made, among which the development of targeted therapies is the most improvement. Monoclonal antibodies and antibody-small molecule conjugates have emerged as an effective approach to improve drug selectivity and reduce adverse effects, which are the main challenges in cancer drug discovery.

The cell is the underlying and practical unit of life. It is the littlest design of the body fit for playing out each of the cycles that characterize life. Every one of the organs in the body, like the lung, bosom, colon, and cerebrum, comprises particular cells that complete the organ's capacities like the transportation of oxygen, processing of supplements, discharge of waste materials, headway, generation, thinking, and so on

Cancer growth is essentially an infection of uncontrolled cell division. Its turn of events and movement are typically connected to a progression of changes in the action of cell cycle controllers. For instance, inhibitors of the cell cycle hold cells back from separating when conditions aren't right, so too little action of these inhibitors can advance disease. Likewise, positive controllers of cell division can prompt disease on the off chance that they are excessively dynamic. As a rule, these progressions in action are because of transformations in the qualities that encode cell cycle controller proteins. Cancer cells act contrary to ordinary cells in the body. A large number of these distinctions are connected with cell division conduct. For instance, disease cells can increase in culture (IN VITRO) with practically no development elements, or development-invigorating protein signals, being added. This is unique in relation to typical cells, which need development variables to fill in culture.

Cancers in Women

Gynaecologic cancer is a type of cancer that starts in a woman's reproductive organs. Five main types of cancer affect a woman's reproductive organs cervical, ovarian, uterine, vaginal, vulvar, and Breast cancer

Breast Cancer

Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women, except for skin cancers. It can occur at any age, but the risk increases as you get older. Because of certain factors, some women will have a greater chance of getting stuck with breast cancer than others. But every woman should know about the risks of breast cancer and what they can do to help lower their risk.

Endometrial Cancer

Endometrial cancer is a cancer of the endometrium (the inner lining of the uterus). The risk of endometrial cancer increases as a woman gets ages. Factors that affect hormone levels, like taking estrogen without progesterone and taking tamoxifen for breast cancer treatment or to lower breast cancer risk can increase a woman’s chance of getting this cancer. Having an early onset of menstrual periods, late menopause, a history of infertility or not having children can increase the risk of endometrial cancer.

Cervical Cancer

Chronic infection by certain types of the human papillomavirus (HPV) is the major important risk factor for cervical cancer. You can get HPV through intimate skin-to-skin contact, such as having vaginal, anal, or oral sex with someone who already has the virus. Other risk factors for cervical cancer include smoking, a weakened immune system, having a Chlamydia infection, being overweight, being exposed to or taking certain hormone treatments, and not having regular Pap tests.

Ovarian cancer

Although ovarian cancer can occur at any age, it is more likely to occur as women get older. Women who have never had children, or who had their first child after age 35 may be at increased risk for this cancer. Women who have used estrogen alone as hormone replacement therapy are also at increased risk. Women with a personal or family history of hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC or Lynch Syndrome), ovarian cancer, or breast cancer are more likely to have a higher risk for ovarian cancer. But women who don’t have any of these conditions or risk factors can still have the chance of getting ovarian cancer.

Pain management can be simple or complex, depending on the root cause of the pain. An example of pain that is typically mild would-be nerve root irritation from a herniated disc with pain radiating down the leg. This condition can often be alleviated with an epidural steroid injection and physical therapy. Sometimes, however, the pain does not subside. This requires a wide variety of skills and techniques to treat the pain.

These skills and techniques include:

·         Interventional procedures

·         Medication management

·         Physical therapy

·         Psychological counseling and support

·         Acupuncture and other alternative therapies

·         Referral to other medical specialists

Basic types of pain:

Nociceptive pain

Examples of nociceptive pain are a cut or a broken bone. Tissue damage or injury initiates signals that are transferred through peripheral nerves to the brain via the spinal cord. Pain signals are modulated through various pathways. This is how we will become aware that something is hurting.

Neuropathic pain

Neuropathic pain is pain caused by damage or disease that affects the nervous system. Sometimes there is no obvious source of pain, and this pain can occur spontaneously. Classic examples of this pain are shingles and diabetic peripheral neuropathy. It is the pain that can occur after nerves are damaged or even after a stroke.

Narcotic pain medications

attach to mu receptors on nerves in the brain that increase the threshold to pain and reduce the perception of pain (the perceived importance of the pain). Most men and women experience narcotic pain medication for short periods until the pain reduces or goes away. Some adults have chronic pain, which requires proper pain management since long-term use can lead to drug addiction and tolerance. Narcotic pain medication has a high potential for misuse, abuse, and physical dependence.

Side effects of pain medications:

·         Constipation

·         Nausea

·         Dizziness

·         Sedation

·         Itching

·         Addiction

·         Vomiting

There are several options for pain relief after surgery:

Intravenous or Intramuscular Medications: Pain-relieving medications that are injected into a vein or muscle will help you to relieve but may not it reduce pain completely. These medications are usually prescribed by your surgeon.

Oral Medications: Pain-relieving medications taken by mouth help to alleviate pain. They are usually taken every 5-6 hours. The pain relief usually lasts longer than with IV medications. These medications are prescribed by your surgeon after you are able to eat and drink regularly.

 Possible side effects from the medications used for pain relief after surgery:

The two commonly used types of medications are opioids (narcotics) and local anesthetic safterward. In normal doses, narcotics may cause constipation, itching, nausea and drowsiness. Local anesthetics, may cause some numbness or, heaviness. There will be some difficulty with weight-bearing on the blocked leg afterwards, and patients should take care not to fall; however, the pain control lasts longer.

Internal medicine physicians are specialists who apply scientific knowledge and clinical expertise to diagnose, treat, and provide compassionate care to patients across the spectrum from health to complex illness.

The medical specialty is dedicated to the diagnosis and medical treatment of adults. A physician who specializes in internal medicine is referred to as an internist. Subspecialties of internal medicine include allergy and immunology, cardiology (heart diseases), endocrinology (hormone disorders), hematology(blood disorders), infectious diseases, gastroenterology (diseases of the gut), nephrology (kidney diseases), oncology (cancer), pulmonology (lung disorders), and rheumatology (arthritis and musculoskeletal disorders).

Regenerative medicine may be defined as the process of replacing or "regenerating" human cells, tissues, or organs to restore or establish normal function. This field holds the promise of regenerating damaged tissues and organs in the body by replacing damaged tissue or by stimulating the body's own repair mechanisms to heal tissues or environmental organs. Regenerative medicine also may enable scientists to grow tissues and organs in the laboratory and safely implant them when the body is unable to heal itself.

Regenerative Medicine refers to a group of biomedical approaches to clinical therapies that may involve the use of stem cells. Examples include cell therapies (the injection of stem cells or progenitor cells); immunomodulation therapy (regeneration by biologically active molecules administered alone or as secretions by infused cells); and tissue engineering (transplantation of laboratory-grown organs and tissues). While covering a broad range of applications, in practice the latter term is closely associated with applications that repair or replace portions of or whole tissues (i.e., bone, cartilage, blood vessels, bladder, skin). Often, the tissues involved require certain mechanical and structural properties for proper functioning. The term has also been applied to efforts to perform specific biochemical functions using cells within an artificially-created support system (e.g., artificial pancreas or liver).

Cancer prevention is an action taken to lower the risk of getting cancer. This can include maintaining a healthy lifestyle, avoiding exposure to known cancer-causing substances, and taking medicines or vaccines that can prevent cancer from developing. A healthy diet is key to overall health and can help lower the risk of many cancers.  While news coverage of the links between diet and cancer has been confusing at best and misleading at worst, there is solid evidence that the way we eat has a real impact on cancer risk.  Perhaps surprisingly, it’s not fat or meat, or fruits and vegetables that are the most important part of the diet when it comes to cancer risk; it’s simply calories.

Oncology is the study of cancer. An oncologist is a doctor who treats cancer and provides medical care for a person diagnosed with cancer. An oncologist may also be called a cancer specialist. The field of oncology has 3 major areas based on treatments: medical oncology, radiation oncology, and surgical oncology.

Preventive medicine is the practice of promoting preventive health care to improve patient well-being. The goal is to ultimately prevent disease, disability, and death. Preventive medicine specialists are licensed preventive medicine physicians that consist of medical doctors (MDs). Preventive medicine can be found in primary care clinics, government agencies, corporations, public health departments, women's healthcare facilities, and health insurance companies. If you’ve ever had a screening for high blood pressure or diabetes and treated it before the condition developed, then you’ve had preventive medicine.

Correctional nursing or forensic nursing is nursing as it relates to prisoners. Nurses are required in prisons, jails, and detention centers; their job is to provide physical and mental healthcare for detainees and inmates. In these correctional settings, nurses are the primary healthcare providers. These nurses also work with victims and assist in expert witness testimonies and are involved in a variety of legal cases including paternity disputes and workplace injuries.

A nursing diagnosis may be part of the nursing process and is a clinical judgment about individual, family, or community experiences/responses to actual or potential health problems/life processes. Nursing diagnoses foster the nurse's independent practice (e.g., patient comfort or relief) compared to dependent interventions driven by physician's orders (e.g., medication administration). Nursing diagnoses are developed based on data obtained during the nursing assessment. A problem-based nursing diagnosis presents a problem response present at the time of assessment. Risk diagnoses represent vulnerabilities to potential problems, and health promotion diagnoses identify areas that can be enhanced to improve health. Whereas a medical diagnosis identifies a disorder, a nursing diagnosis identifies the unique ways in which individuals respond to health or life processes or crises. The nursing diagnostic process is unique among others. A nursing diagnosis integrates patient involvement, when possible, throughout the process.  NANDA International (NANDA-I) is the body of professionals that develops, researches, and refines an official taxonomy of nursing diagnosis.

Telenursing refers to the use of information technology in the provision of nursing services whenever physical distance exists between patient and nurse, or between any number of nurses. As a field, it is part of telemedicine and has many points of contact with other medical and non-medical applications, such as telediagnosis, teleconsultation, and telemonitoring. The field, however, is still being developed as the information on telenursing isn't comprehensive enough.

Telenursing is growing in many countries because of the preoccupation with driving down the costs of health care, an increase in the number of aging and chronically ill populations, and the increase in coverage of health care to distant, rural, small, or sparsely populated regions. Among its many benefits, telenursing may help solve increasing shortages of nurses; reduce distances and save travel time, and keep patients out of the hospital. A greater degree of job satisfaction has been registered among telenurses.

A nursing care plan provides direction on the type of nursing care the individual/family/community may need. The main focus of a nursing care plan is to facilitate standardized, evidence-based, and holistic care. Nursing care plans have been used for quite a number of years for human purposes and are now also getting used in the veterinary profession. A care plan includes the following components: assessment, diagnosis, expected outcomes, interventions, rationale, and evaluation.

A top-notch oncology nursing team is required due to the growing number of patients in this field. The goal of Cancer Nursing practice is to provide nurses caring for cancer patients with information, support, and nursing education. Working together with doctors, surgeons, families, and consoling caregivers, oncology nurses provide care for cancer patients and assist them through all stages of treatment.

·         Surgical Oncology Nursing

·         Radiation Oncology Nursing

·         Medical Oncology Nursing

·         Breast Cancer Nursing